Morgane Labbé is full professor at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en sciences sociales (EHESS) at Paris, affiliated with the Centre of Historical Research (CRH). Her research deals with population policies in Eastern Central Europe in modern time, including biopolitics and reproductive health, social and family policies. She is currently working on two research projects: one examines the reproductive changes in Eastern Europe from the interwar period to the communist period. It addresses the issue of biopolitics from the perspective of scientific expertise, pro-natalism, feminist movements, and birth control practices, in particular under authoritarian regimes. The other project explores the emergence of the welfare state in Eastern Europe in a historical perspective, back to the imperial period in the 19th century, and emphasizing the role of social philanthropies, charities, and voluntary associations.

She is also interested in epistemological and methodological issues raised by quantification in social sciences and history, including its technical forms such as social surveys, databases, administrative registration, statistical recording, and so on. In this regard, her previous research had examined the uses and controversies of ethnic statistics in imperial and national politics, as well as in diplomatic expertise.